Bronchitis in adults - symptoms, signs, treatment

Bronchitis is an inflammatory process in the organs of the respiratory system. The disease is acute and chronic. Lingering cough lasts about 3-4 weeks. Bronchitis often accompanies acute respiratory illness if inflammation affects the bronchial tree. Also chronic bronchitis suffers from heavy smokers.

Inflammation in the bronchi, doctors do not consider life-threatening, but without the necessary treatment, the disease leads to the development of complications. One of them is pneumonia, which has a protracted nature and requires close attention and specific treatment. Therapy for bronchitis and its complications are different. It all depends on the symptoms and the nature of the complication. In some cases, it is considered as a separate disease.

Types of bronchitis

Classify the disease by etiology. In medicine, identify bronchitis:

1. Viral - when the disease is caused by pathogenic microorganisms against the background of influenza, infection, as well as common adenoviral infection.
2. Tuberculosis - cough is caused by tuberculosis bacteria.
3. Infectious - the disease provokes the reproduction of atypical bacteria.
4. Allergic - the disease appears under the influence of allergens that are an internal irritant to the bronchi.
5. Toxic-chemical - the appearance of cough against the background of poisoning of the body with toxic substances, develops in adverse environmental conditions at work or with poor etiology of the place of residence.

In adults, the disease is diagnosed at any age. The doctor also determines bronchitis by symptoms and development. The inflammatory process can develop independently or be secondary to another disease. Differentiate the disease in nature and symptoms:

1. Acute form - it develops against the background of an acute infection or flu, lends itself well to the prescribed therapy, as a result of which a fairly rapid recovery occurs.
2. Chronic form - has a long duration and is poorly amenable to prescribed therapy, the disease is accompanied by chronic cough.

Signs of bronchitis

The further treatment regimen depends on the symptoms of the disease. Therapy must be prescribed by a qualified doctor. Different types of bronchitis differ in their symptoms. The main symptoms of various forms of the disease:

Infectious bronchitis (mild)
Recognizing the infectious nature of bronchitis is quite simple. An experienced doctor will immediately correctly diagnose. The main symptoms in the mild course of the infectious form of the disease are:

• dry cough, sometimes becoming wet;
• discomfort and pressure in the chest;
• low-grade body temperature;
• feeling of general weakness;
• a clear decrease in performance;
• very hard breathing and wheezing directly with a deep breath;
• bad blood test.

Infectious form of bronchitis (severe)
The illness is accompanied, as a rule, by a strong cough and shortness of breath on exhalation. The patient is constantly suffering from discomfort in the chest.Against the background of severe overstretching of the abdominal muscles due to cough, periodic abdominal pain may occur. The main symptoms of this form:

• labored breathing;
• very bad cough and chest pain;
• purulent or sero-purulent sputum;
• wet wheezing when listening;
• great discomfort.

Acute bronchitis
At the very beginning of this form of the disease dry strong cough is diagnosed. It intensifies at night and comes painful attacks. Further, the cough becomes wet - the secretion increases, and the bronchi are trying to get rid of the accumulated mucus. The main manifestations of acute bronchitis:

• coughing;
• high t;
• fatigue and weakness;
• fever;
• chest pain;
• loss of performance;
• dry rales in the lungs.

Chronic form
Usually in chronic form, viscous sputum is constantly separated. The process is accompanied by a strong paroxysmal cough. He is protracted. In remission, sputum resembles the usual mucus, but may turn brown or yellow. Chronic bronchitis often affects miners. In chronic bronchitis, the main symptoms are:

• persistent cough;
• dyspnea;
• serous purulent sputum during exacerbation.

Allergic Bronchitis
The disease has an allergic cause. Cough provoke strong allergens that irritate the bronchial mucosa. Symptoms are:

• difficult breathing;
• dyspnea;
• there is a constant cough;
• listening to scattered wheezing.

Toxic bronchitis
Poisoning with poisonous substances causes a strong, painful cough. After a certain time period, the wet sputum begins to recede. Raises t body. The toxic form of the disease is accompanied by:

• cough;
• pains occurring directly in the chest;
• general malaise;
• very strong weakness;
• loss of performance;
• dry wheezing in the lungs.

The mechanism of development of bronchitis

Infection of the lower respiratory tract occurs.The disease affects the trachea, bronchi and lungs. In adults, bronchitis occurs with some differences. In an adult, the muscles of the chest and all the blood vessels are well developed. The skill of coughing is also perfectly formed. Children, unlike adults, do not know how to fully clear the bronchi from accumulated sputum. Also, in adults, the lumen of the bronchial tree is wider, which contributes to a better purification and quick discharge of mucus.

Bronchitis develops primarily or is an associated secondary disease. The disease provokes the activity of harmful viruses. They penetrate by airborne droplets and through the nose and mouth into the bronchi. Bronchitis occurs due to the action:

• rhinovirus;
• flu;
• enterovirus;
• bacteria attacks.

Often the disease is of a mixed bacterial nature. Pathogenic organisms irritate the mucosa of the organ and destroy the structure of the mucous membrane. The main symptom of bronchitis is coughing.

Complications of bronchitis

What is the danger of this disease? A very serious danger to an adult with bronchitis is pneumonia.With her, the infection goes down below, into the respiratory tract of the lungs. Organic tissue and alveoli are infected. Pulmonary inflammation is diagnosed, which, without proper treatment, can be fatal. With pneumonia, the walls of the bronchi lose their elasticity, sclerotic changes in the tissues begin, ventilation of the lungs and air exchange in the lung tissue deteriorates.

Frequent manifestation of bronchitis can provoke bronchial asthma. The disease is a chronic disease of non-infectious nature, in which there is inflammation of the airways. Asthma is accompanied by shortness of breath, choking and coughing. Develops after bronchitis. Currently, asthma is considered a social problem, since a very large percentage of the world's population suffer from the disease.

With bronchitis, obstruction of the deep layers of the bronchi can also occur. It is fraught with deformation and scarring of organic tissue. Complication is accompanied by a strong, painful cough, impaired respiratory function, narrowing of the lumen of the bronchial tree. Very often, obstructive bronchitis causes bronchial asthma.

Treatment

Helps to cope with the disease at any stage only complex therapy. It should be aimed at eliminating the symptoms of bronchitis, relief of sputum discharge and restoration of respiratory function. Tactics to combat the disease also includes bed rest and taking medication prescribed by the doctor.

Antibiotics for ailment
Adults who suffer from bronchitis are prescribed the following antibacterial agents:

• macrolides;
• the so-called aminopenicillins;
• cephalosporins;
• fluoroquinol preparations.

Antibiotics of a new generation, a wide spectrum, are active against many pathogenic microorganisms. Bronchitis can cause streptococci, pneumococci, staphylococcus. Antibiotic drugs destroy the cell membranes of bacteria and stop their livelihoods.

Antibiotics destroy pathogens of the disease, eliminate the inflammatory process in the bronchi. You should know that treatment with drugs from the group of penicillins can cause an allergic reaction.

To eliminate bronchitis such medications are used-aminopenicillins:

• Amoxiclav;
• The drug - Augumentin;
• Flemoxin Solutab.

Of the macrolide agents are used:

• Azithromycin;
• Erythromycin;
• Medicamycin;
• Sumamed.

Fluoroquinolone group - drugs that are used in case of intolerance to antibiotics I and II series. Fluoroquinols stop the activity of bacteria, destroying the DNA of pathogenic microorganisms. In the treatment of bronchitis are used:

• Pefloxacin;
• Ofloxacin;
• Tsiprolet;
• Levofloxacin.

Group cephalosporins are a kind of reserve. It is used in complicated obstructive bronchitis. In some cases, may be appointed:

• Cephalexin;
• Ceftriaxone;
• Cefazolin;
• Cefixime.

Often, bronchitis is given injections of antibiotics. Therapy is applied with penicillins, gentamicin, ceftriaxone. The antibiotic from the ampoule quickly enters the bloodstream and has a more powerful effect. Usually, injections are used for exacerbation of bronchitis.

Taking antibiotics can trigger the development of dysbiosis. It should certainly support the work of the gastrointestinal tract by the use of lactic acid bacteria. Together with antibiotics are assigned Linex, Bifidumbakterin. It is known that some food (smoked meats, fried dishes, pastry sweets) produces a strong load on the liver cells.In the treatment of bronchitis, this organ is under great stress. Therefore, when taking medicines, it is necessary to adhere to the correct diet - eat only digestible food, eliminate fried and fatty foods.

Expectorants
Therapy should be aimed at improving the removal of mucus from the bronchi. The disease provokes a cough. To get rid of it, you need to quickly clear the bronchi from mucus and reduce its secretion. Expectorant and antitussives are widely used in the treatment of illness.

The preparations are made on the basis of the medicinal herbs of Althea, thermopsis and group charges. Medicines to thin the sputum:

• Mukaltin;
• Alteyka;
• Thermopsol;
• Codelac Broncho;
• Bronhofit.

Vitamins
The use of vitamin complexes for bronchitis helps to maintain and strengthen the immune system. What vitamins should be taken for the disease? To remove spasms and reduce the inflammatory process will help vitamins of group B. These vitamins are active in pathogenic microorganisms.

Vitamins protect the airways and strengthen the work of immunity. As you know, it is the immune system that is responsible for the rapid recovery.With good immunity, the production of the required amount of antibodies occurs, cellular oxygen consumption increases. The disease is gradually receding.

Such vitamin complexes for adults help to cope with the disease:

• Multimax;
• Alphabet Classic;
• Revit;
• Multi-tabs;
• Biovitrum;
• Sanovit.

All of the above drugs have on the body a beneficial complex effect. Vitamins improve the blood supply to the lungs and bronchi, improve the microcirculation of the blood, start the necessary processes of cell regeneration inside the human body.

Mustard plasters with bronchitis

Treatment with mustard plasters with a strong protracted cough shows a quick positive therapeutic result. The action of the gorchitsichnik is based on mechanical irritation of the surface vessels and organic tissues of the bronchi. After installing the mustard plaster skin becomes hot, there is a redness. It is affected by mustard essential oils. They start the necessary processes for recovery. After the mustard plaster, the bronchi become active and begin to intensively get rid of mucus.

Mustard plaster:

• improves sputum excretion;
• relieves inflammation;
• activates the blood supply of the bronchi;
• warms the surrounding tissue.

• convulsions;
• spinal disorders;
• crayfish;
• pulmonary tuberculosis;
• poor blood clotting;
• skin rashes;
• psoriasis;
• hypertension;
• heart failure.

Breast fees

Herbal medicine - a powerful assistant in the fight against cough. Medicinal herbs have a safe therapeutic effect. Contribute to the dilution and expectoration of sputum from bronchial wood, reduce coughing attacks, relieve inflammation. It is useful to take such vegetable infusions and decoctions:

• mother and stepmother, calendula, plantain;
• Althea root, licorice root, and coltsfoot;
• Chamomile, wild rose, Altea, linden;
• mint, sage, yarrow, eucalyptus.

Antitussive herbs have a powerful healing effect. You can make a chest collection yourself, taking different types of herbs. Vegetable raw materials are taken in equal parts, brewed in a thermos or saucepan, insist, filtered. Take 1/3 cup 3-4 times a day.It is better to drink grass on an empty stomach when the stomach is not overfilled with food and does not digest it. It is also necessary to use the fruits of mountain ash, viburnum, currant, raspberry jam.

In herbal tea is useful to add lemon and a spoon of honey. Such a healing drink will quickly relieve fever, soothe a sore throat irritated by a cough, relieve its redness, reduce the amount of sputum released. A healthy drink must be taken before the symptoms of the disease disappear. Comprehensive measures in the fight against illness will surely give a quick positive result and lead to a speedy recovery.

Video: treatment of acute bronchitis with folk remedies