Black Pile - description of where the toxicity of the fungus grows

Black mushrooms are considered to be the most popular and demanded mushrooms growing in the open spaces of our homeland. Growth is carried out colonially, so that in a short period of time you can collect a decent harvest. Fans of "quiet hunting" like milk mushrooms for their taste in salting and healthy properties. Despite the fact that often preference is given to white fellows, black mildews are no less in demand among connoisseurs. But let's not get ahead of ourselves, we will study all aspects in turn.

Description

1. The presented variety of mushrooms is ranked in the Russula family and is considered a lard. To date, there are lots of names, as soon as they do not name the grunt. Chernushka, Chernysh, black birdhouse - all this refers to him. Fruit bodies can be pure black or brownish with olive splashes.
2. The base of the mushroom is sufficiently dense and can be up to 3 cm in diameter. The leg is short, it does not grow more than 8 cm. The shape of the base is a cylinder or a barrel, by the beginning it can become narrow. The leg itself is smooth, pigmented with a dark gray or about that shade. In young stock, the base is filled, but as the growth grows it becomes hollow.
3. The hat is funnel-shaped in its format. It is pressed in the middle, but bulges along the edges and stretches upwards. The edges on the cap tucked inside. At first it is depressed, but in old mushrooms it becomes flat. As for the size, the diameter is about 15 cm on average. Of course, there are specimens with a tip of 7 or 20 cm.
4. If we talk about shade, it is quite difficult to describe it. When the mushroom is still young, it is pigmented with an olive color with a brownish sheen. Can be brown with yellow or green. In some parts, shades can stand out more and brighter, so the color structure appears to be patchy. When the fungus grows in a highly humid environment, it becomes slippery at the top.
5. The plates can go on the base of the fungus, they are pigmented beige. If damaged, they acquire a dark color.If we consider the soft part, it is too fragile, but dense and not loose. With incisions or damage in this area, juice is released, which becomes dark when in contact with air.
6. This mushroom can be classified as conditionally edible. The whole thing in the stand out bitter juice, which soaks through the soft part. In order to get rid of causticity, a long soaking and primary heat treatment is performed.
7. The chemical list of substances in this class is also quite extensive. The list is based on valuable B-group vitamins. Also there are a lot of ascorbic acid in the soil, dietary fiber, mineral substances. With proper preparation, fruit bodies will be extremely beneficial.

Growth and harvest

1. The presented variety can be found in the northern strip of the globe. In abundance, mushrooms are found in the forest zones of the Far East, as well as in the Urals and in Siberia. Mushrooms prefer to grow in forests with spruces and pines, they are also found in a mixed strip with birches. Larch trees do not seduce blacks.
2. Mycorrhiza form with birch.For mushrooms to grow and develop fully, it is necessary to provide them with light. With regard to the period of growth, fruiting falls in the middle of summer and lasts until mid-autumn. Gathering is best done in cool weather, so you get a decent harvest.
3. Picking mushrooms requires some skill, because these mushrooms are hidden from human eyes. Usually they lurk in the grass or under fallen leaves. The leg is short, so the specimens become extremely invisible. Do not use a stick to clean up the foliage. Because the hat is fragile, you simply damage it.
4. Due to specific camouflage, viewing fruit bodies from the first can be problematic. So bend over and take your time, carefully inspecting the sites. As soon as the first mushroom is found, next to it you will see the rest. These mushrooms in the literal sense of the word form giant meadows when they grow.

Similar species

1. Consider, the considered fruit bodies are very different from their counterparts. Externally, black mushrooms are not similar to any mushrooms and other similar varieties.Therefore, when collecting copies you will not have any problems. You will not confuse black milk mushrooms with any other mushrooms.
2. As regards nutritional value and general characteristics, the specimens in question can be attributed to the second category of conditionally edible mushrooms. Presented fruit refers to this type because of the presence of the milky juice. Black gruzd belongs to the genus of the Mlechnikov.
3. Experienced mushroom pickers know that fruit bodies of this type have a pungent and rather bitter taste. In addition, recent studies have shown that the presented fruit has a rather dangerous substance. It is presented as nekatorina (mutagen-carcinogen). Part of the substance remains even after a thorough heat treatment.
4. Different symptoms may not appear immediately, so with long-term and systematic consumption of such a fungus, dangerous compounds begin to accumulate in the body. As a result, all the tissues in a person begin to be exposed to harm that occurs over a long period.
5. After such studies were confirmed, in many open sources the fungus in question has ceased to be considered conditionally edible.For several years now, such fruit bodies have even been considered weakly poisonous. The same applies to the lines, swine. If you still do not want to lose such pleasure, then it is necessary to observe extreme caution.
6. When collecting the fruit bodies in question, give preference exclusively to environmentally friendly places. It is strongly not recommended to collect such mushrooms in large quantities. Also, in order not to face negative consequences, please yourself with such a delicacy very rarely.

Properties

1. With regard to food quality, then the specimens in question experts attributed to the 3rd category. The advantage of the fungus is that it contains a high concentration of protein. At the same time, the product remains low-calorie. 100 gr. fruit bodies account for only 23 Kcal.
2. In addition, it is worth remembering that the specimens in question are heavy mushrooms. Therefore, in any case, do not try to consume a large number of them. The body simply can not cope. Try to eat a small amount of mushrooms at a time.
3. In addition, if the black mildews are cooked incorrectly, caustic juice will remain in their pulp. As a result, you will get bitter fruit.Because of this characteristic feature of the fungus, indigestion often occurs.
4. Despite the fact that a dangerous substance was found in these fruits, the harm of such fungi has not been fully studied. Therefore, seasoned mushroom pickers continue to collect black milk mushrooms without any problems.

Treatment

Considered fruit bodies can be processed in two ways. This also applies to other types of wetlands, trees, windmills and seryanka. Most often, these mushrooms are processed by hot and cold methods.

Hot working

1. If you want to enjoy forest gifts as quickly as possible, then the easiest way to cook is boiling. After that, you can pickle mushrooms. Enumerate all collected copies and remove excess garbage, damaged places.
2. Chop large fruit into small pieces. Finely chopped, too, is not necessary. Rinse and place in a container with water. Boil the product for about 25-35 minutes. Move the specimens to a colander and rinse with cool running water.
3. If you are going to salt the fruit, then the leaves of cherry, horseradish and currant leaves should be placed on the bottom of the glass container.Spread the fruit bodies in layers, alternating them with salt. Mushrooms can be laid as you like. It is not obligatory to do it heads down.
4. When laying each layer, press down a little. After that, add salt. Next, follow the same pattern. Reach this way to the edge of the jar. As for the amount of salt, each person has his own taste preferences. Therefore, the fall will have on the eye.
5. Often in the standard recipe for 1 kg. mushrooms account for about 40 grams. salt. Then you can add similar spices, based on your own taste. In any case, if you overdo it with salt, the fruit at any time can be washed with water.
6. After you have filled the container to the brim, you need to tightly cover the mushrooms with horseradish leaves. Keep in mind that fruit bodies should be so tightly tamped in the jar so that they are completely covered with exuding juice.
7. In this case, the plastic cap should be put on the container with some effort. Thus the specimens in question will be under the yoke. After 6-8 days, the mushrooms will be fully prepared. Try it.

Cold treatment

1. In this case, you will encounter additional troubles whensoaking fruit bodies. This applies to absolutely any mushrooms that will be prepared for salting in this way. If you look on the other hand, the final product will have better quality.
2. The considered method is more suitable for long-term storage of mushrooms. It is better to use it if you decide to prepare the fruit for the winter. Scrub and brush the mushrooms in a classic way. Chop into equal large pieces. Place the product in an enamelled container. Pour in cold water and leave for 5 days.
3. Consider, 2 times a day, be sure to change the water. After soaking the specimens need salt. This method is similar to when you salt boiled mushrooms. At the same time putting each layer of fruit it is necessary to sprinkle with salt and compact a little stronger. The amount of salt you need to take about 30 grams. on 1 kg. mushrooms.
4. It is worth noting that with this method of preparation of fruit bodies, they will be ready for use no earlier than in 40-50 days. When salting, use only classic rock salt. With this method of preparation is best to use glass containers. Lay the fruit and roll.

The fruits have a very unusual taste.Among the experienced mushroom pickers such a mushroom is very popular. At the same time, it is worth noting that almost only in Russia, black Georgians are widely distributed and used as food. In other countries, few have heard of them, and never tried. Use caution when consuming fruit bodies. Do not abuse these mushrooms.

Video: black black (Lactarius necator)