The content of the article
Zheltushka occurs in 60% of full-term babies and 80% of babies who were born prematurely. The baby’s skin, mucous membranes and eyeballs turn yellow on the second or third day after birth. Symptoms do not affect the well-being of the newborn and disappear in 4–5 days. This is how the physiological jaundice manifests itself, which should not be treated. There is also a pathological variety from which phototherapy and sorbents save.
Risk group
Baby's skin turns yellow due to fetal hemoglobin. The substance disintegrates, which is why the concentration of bilirubin in the body of a newborn increases. The body of the child is gradually cleared of harmful compounds that go along with the feces and urine.But this process is slow, so the level of bilirubin is normalized after 2-3 weeks. If the child’s symptoms appeared on the third day, the state of health did not worsen, and all tests were normal, it means that he has a physiological jaundice. It does not threaten the life and health of the baby, so doctors suggest moms not to worry and regularly feed the baby with breast milk. It has a laxative effect, normalizes the work of the digestive organs and helps the child's body to be cleaned of toxic compounds.
The skin turned yellow in the first day after birth? The child is restless, refuses to breast and constantly crying? A newborn has a pathological jaundice. The level of bilirubin rises too quickly, the children's body can not cope with the load. The substance affects the nervous system, brain and digestive tract.
Pathology develops if the infant had:
- genetic diseases of the circulatory system;
- liver problems;
- rhesus conflict with the mother;
- obstruction of the bile duct;
- infectious diseases.
The yellow one appears in the baby if the mother has diabetes, but not always.
A child with a pathological type of the disease is sent for a blood test. Liver and bile duct ultrasound are performed, and sometimes biopsy specimens are taken if cirrhosis is suspected. After the examination, the doctor selects the treatment. It depends on the level of bilirubin, the condition of the newborn and the cause of the pathological jaundice.
Phototherapy
The baby is placed under a special lamp that radiates ultraviolet light. Bluish light hits the skin and destroys bilirubin. The remains of the substance come out with urine and feces.
Irradiation is carried out in the maternity hospital under the supervision of nurses. UV lamps dry out the baby’s skin and cause dehydration. The baby needs to give a lot of fluid. Suitable boiled water or weak broth hips, but mother's milk is more useful than other drinks.
A woman is recommended to follow a diet:
- give up salty;
- do not eat fried;
- eliminate fatty foods from the diet.
Mom should eat a lot of seasonal vegetables, dairy products and chicken breast, cereals and apples. Thanks to this diet, breast milk becomes light and saturated with vitamins. Fatty dishes create an additional burden on baby liver,slowing the recovery of the newborn.
Phototherapy is prescribed for pathological jaundice. The procedure is canceled if the baby has:
- hives or burns have occurred;
- leather acquired a marble shade;
- feces become dark brown or black.
In this case, the ultraviolet lamp is replaced with medicines or homeopathic preparations.
Cleansers and Enzymes
If the baby was not helped by phototherapy, the doctor prescribes glucose. The drug is administered intravenously with a dropper. The tool reacts with bilirubin and splits it, reducing the level of the substance.
At the same time as glucose, sorbents are prescribed, for example, activated carbon. The tablet is ground to powder, mixed with boiled water and given to the child. The drug can be replaced with Enterosgel, which works more efficiently and faster.
For liver failure or problems with biliary tract, the doctor prescribes choleretic drugs. Hofitol is most popular. The drug normalizes metabolic processes and improves kidney function. Hofitol drops are prescribed to babies. They are dissolved in boiled water and given on an empty stomach.
Choleretic properties of the drug has Ursosan. It has a positive effect on the liver, helps to convert free bilirubin to a straight line. The capsule is divided into several doses. The baby should drink the medicine with boiled water or breast milk so that it is better absorbed.
Phenobarbital or Elkar are also prescribed. The drugs have choleretic properties, protect the liver. Elkar contains L-carnitine, which improves appetite and normalizes metabolism.
For pathological jaundice, Hepel is used. The composition of the homeopathic preparation includes natural ingredients that absorb toxins and facilitate the work of the liver.
Newborn after feeding give a weak broth hips. A bandage soaked in magnesia is applied to the liver to stimulate the breakdown and elimination of bilirubin.
All drugs prescribed by a pediatrician. If a child has vomiting or diarrhea after the medication, another remedy should be selected.
Folk recommendations
Babies who normally tolerate jaundice and do not complain about their health are advised to prepare peppermint decoction:
- Pour 5 g of dried grass with a glass of hot liquid.
- Set in a thermos for 1.5-2 hours.
- Give a teaspoon of filtered broth after feeding or on an empty stomach.
Water infusion is used carefully. If the child has colic or strange rash after mint, treatment is stopped.
To reduce the concentration of bilirubin in the blood, help the bath, which add a decoction of calendula or gold flowers. The plant is poured with hot water and boiled for 30 minutes. On a spoonful of grass a glass of liquid. Ready means to strain, bathe in baby broth. The newborn is immersed in a bath for 10–15 minutes, then removed and wiped. Broth does not need to be washed off with clean water.
Babies should not be given choleretic fees, laxative drinks and castor oil. Such funds do not accelerate the purification of the body from toxins. They only disrupt the work of the digestive organs and slow down recovery.
Mode and fresh air
The yellow one is not contagious, so you can walk with the baby on the street. Fresh air strengthens the immune system of the baby, nourishes the blood with oxygen and normalizes the level of hemoglobin.
In the summer, babies with physiological yolk are advised to stand in the sun. Ultraviolet baths accelerate the breakdown and elimination of bilirubin.But in order for a newborn to not get heat stroke or burns, you need to follow a few rules:
- Do not leave the baby alone.
- Take a sun bath in the early morning or after four in the evening.
- Constantly try the nose of the newborn. If she gets hot, the baby is brought into the house or tenek.
- A baby breast before the procedure and after is given a tablespoon of boiled water to restore the fluid balance in the body.
- The child can not be completely undressed, so that ultraviolet rays do not burn the delicate skin. A thin T-shirt and shorts or panties will do.
- On the head of the baby must wear a panama or cap.
Each procedure lasts from 10 to 20 minutes. If a child begins to act up, it means that he is hot and uncomfortable. The newborn is contraindicated in direct sunlight. The cradle or stroller, in which the baby lies, is covered with a lace curtain or a special mesh that scatters and softens the rays.
In winter, babies sunbathe next to a closed window. The baby is stripped to the diapers, the bed is moved closer to the sun. You can put a newborn on the windowsill, if there are no drafts.The child is constantly looked after so that he does not fall to the floor.
The baby should rest a lot. Mom and child are shown peace and positive emotions. Extra experiences only worsen the health of the newborn.
Artificial feeding
When the jaundice baby is advised to give breast milk. It is nutritious, contains many vitamins and has a slight laxative effect. The baby is applied to the breast 10–12 times a day. The more he eats, the more often he goes to the toilet. But bilirubin is eliminated from the body with feces and urine.
Can breast milk be the cause of jaundice? Yes, if the mother and the newborn are Rh-conflict. The female body produces antibodies that, together with milk, enter the body of the newborn and poison it. In such situations, it is advised to refuse breastfeeding for at least a week, or to completely switch to artificial formulas.
The yellow one can cause estrogen. The hormone enters the body of the newborn with milk and stops the splitting and excretion of bilirubin. The level of the substance is growing, and the baby's well-being is deteriorating.
If mom suspected milk was to blame,advised on the day to refuse breastfeeding. Is the newborn better, and the level of bilirubin decreased? We'll have to buy an artificial mixture. Back to breastfeeding can be a week later, when the condition of the infant stabilizes.
Babies who eat mixtures sometimes have constipation. They lead to intoxication of the body. In order for the child to go to the toilet in a timely manner, you need to pick up the correct compositions and feed the baby with usual boiled water. You can give a little dill liquid, because it helps with bloating and has a slight laxative effect.
Types of zheltushki and treatment
Pathological jaundice of the mechanical type is treated by surgery. If the bile ducts are clogged, bypass surgery is performed. Ring-shaped pancreas excised. And in case of liver cirrhosis, an organ transplant is performed.
Hepatitis C virus is treated with interferon, which is administered intravenously. Antibacterial drugs prescribed, if the pathology appeared due to blood infection.
In rhesus conflict, vitamins, glucose and choleretic drugs are prescribed to the newborn.In severe cases, the baby will need a blood transfusion. Maternal is not suitable, because it contains dangerous antibodies.
Sometimes they are replaced by hemosorption by transfusion. A special drug cleans the baby's blood from toxic substances and prevents the development of nuclear jaundice, which affects the brain.
Children who have increased bilirubin due to hypothyroidism are prescribed hormones. They restore metabolism and normalize the work of the thyroid gland.
Many factors can provoke jaundice in infants, therefore it is impossible to neglect the consultation of the pediatrician. It is necessary to pass all tests, undergo ultrasound and find the cause of elevated bilirubin. After the examination, the doctor selects drugs and methods of treatment, and the mother must fulfill all requirements in order to protect the newborn from complications.
Video: how to treat jaundice
To send