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Tinder mushroom Shveynitsa belongs to the Fomitopsis family. There are other names of the species. For example, brown dedalia, inodermus a seamstress. It belongs to the inedible. In Latin, the name sounds like Phaeolus schweinitzii.
Appearance
This mushroom has a hat fruit body. The hat is different in shape. It may be flat, funnel-shaped, rounded or semi-circular in shape. Sometimes also lobed-shaped specimens. Its diameter can reach up to 28 cm, and the thickness is approximately 1.3 cm.
On young tinkers the hat is not smooth, it can be woolly or felt. Subsequently, its surface becomes bare. At first, it is painted in a yellowish-rusty color, and then it becomes darker, acquiring a brownish color with a slightly orangish or brown tinge. The edges are yellowish and shiny.Young tinderbirds are lighter than the rest of the cap's surface, and then the surface color is aligned.
The geminal layer is yellow, and subsequently acquires a brown tint. The thickness can reach 1 cm. The tubes are short - less than 1 cm. At first they have thick walls that become thinner with age. Spores can be white, have a rusty shade, or yellow-greenish.
If the fungus has a leg, it is very thick and short. As a rule, it has the shape of a tuber or narrows, the color is brown. But most specimens grow without a leg.
Where grows
It is a fast-growing mushroom that grows on conifers. Therefore, you can see them in the coniferous forest on the fir or pine. But sometimes they can grow on plum or sweet cherry too. The fungus is usually at the root or near the base of the tree trunk. They can grow as one by one, or several fused copies.
Representatives of this species are very often found in temperate climates.They can be seen on trees in Western European countries, as well as in western Russia. There are also in Western Siberia. The fruiting period occurs not only in summer but also in winter. But the main time is the second half of summer. During this period, spores germinate. After that, the body of the fungus is usually destroyed by insects.
How acts on the tree
This species is a unique tinder. We can not always see these mushrooms on the tree itself, but on the ground, at some distance from the trees. With the tree, these mushrooms are connected by the mycelium. The tree becomes infected through spores, at the moment of contact between healthy and already infected roots of the fungus.
If a tree is infected, mushrooms will grow on it. In addition, its trunk will be somewhat tilted to the side. This is due to the fact that infected roots begin to die off gradually. The angle of inclination of the tree can be strongly pronounced, and be more than 45.
Typically, the trunk of a diseased tree leans in the opposite direction from the area where the dying roots are located. It is also possible to understand that a tree is infected by the presence of cracks in the butt part.Films of mycelium will be viewed here. When tapping on a tree infected with this mushroom, you will hear the characteristic muffled sounds.
Under the influence of this fungus, brown root rot begins to develop on the tree. Cellulose and lignin begin to decompose. When decomposition is just beginning, you can feel the pronounced sharp smell of turpentine.
The roots rots very slowly. Every year the rot spreads by about 1 cm, so the tree is sick for a very long time. This process can take several decades. Butt part rots more intensely, the lesion spreads faster.
A tree that has been sick for a very long time, has fragile crumbling wood. You can just rub it with your hands. Usually the rot comes to more than 2 m in height. It spreads in spots and stripes. The longer the tree is infected, the larger these areas will be.
Edibility
Similar views
Representatives of the species are somewhat similar to the tindery odorous, which has a cushion-shaped body. The surface of his felt. Reaches a diameter of about 20 cm. This mushroom is painted black or brown. Along the edges it is orange or yellowish.
Another similar look - tinder Pfeifer. The fruit body has a hoof shape and large size. On the surface there are white pores and brown zones. In winter, it is covered with a yellow film.
Video: tinder Shveynitsa (Phaeolus schweinitzii)
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